Ancient DNA is revealing the deep roots of French wine. Research published in Nature Communications traces 4,000 years of grape cultivation, showing how early farmers domesticated, traded, and preserved grape varieties across the region.
By analysing DNA from dozens of archaeological grape seeds, researchers found evidence of both wild and domesticated vines coexisting thousands of years ago, as well as long‑distance exchange of grape varieties through cuttings.
One standout result: a medieval grape seed genetically identical to modern Pinot Noir, suggesting nearly 600 years of continuous cultivation.
The findings offer a rare genetic record of how winemaking developed over millennia, connecting ancient agricultural practices with the vineyards still shaping wine culture today.
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