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The Finger Lakes was not always wine country. Long before a single vineyard was planted, it was home to one of the most sophisticated Indigenous civilizations in the ancient world.

But by the early 1600s, the Haudenosaunee were no longer alone.

The Dutch, the British, and the French had arrived in the Northeast. And while the relationship that developed between them and the Haudenosaunee started as a formal diplomatic exchange built on mutual economic benefit, it was never without ulterior motive. These were colonial powers with a shared agenda, claim new territory, establish trade networks, and extract resources to send back to Europe.

The Two Row Wampum Treaty of 1613 was supposed to guarantee coexistence without interference. Two peoples, two vessels, traveling the same river side by side, neither one steering the other’s course.

But colonial powers do not show up to coexist. They show up to inventory.

This is Part 4 of a 16-part series on how the indigenous nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy laid the blueprint for one of the most agriculturally rich landscapes in the Northeast, and how that foundation gave rise to one of the most prominent wine regions in the country.

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