Wine regions are an important aspect to cover, as they provide a deeper understanding of the geographical and climatic factors that influence the characteristics and quality of different wines. By studying the various wine regions around the world, junior sommeliers can gain knowledge about the different grape varieties and wine styles produced in each region, as well as the unique terroir and production techniques used in the winemaking process.
France
France is a country that is world-renowned for its wine production. It is the birthplace of some of the most famous wine regions and grape varieties in the world. The diverse topography and climate of France make it ideal for grape cultivation, with each region producing unique and distinctive wines. Here are some of the top wine regions in France:
Bordeaux is located in the southwest of France and is known for producing some of the world’s best red wines. The region has a long history of winemaking dating back to the Roman era. The main grapes cultivated in the region are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc. Some of the sub-regions of Bordeaux include Saint-Emilion, Pomerol, and Margaux. Bordeaux wines are known for their full-bodied, complex, and tannic characteristics.
Burgundy is located in eastern France and is famous for its Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grape varieties. The region has a long history of winemaking, dating back to the Middle Ages. Burgundy is divided into several sub-regions, including the Côte de Beaune, Côte de Nuits, and Chablis. The wines from Burgundy are known for their elegance, finesse, and complexity.
Champagne is located in northeastern France and is the birthplace of the world-famous sparkling wine, Champagne. The region has a cold and marginal climate, making it difficult for grape cultivation. The main grape varieties used in Champagne production are Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier. Champagne is known for its effervescence, acidity, and freshness.
The Rhône Valley is located in southeastern France and is divided into two sub-regions, the Northern Rhône, and the Southern Rhône. The Northern Rhône is known for its Syrah grape variety, which produces some of the most famous wines in the world, such as Hermitage and Côte-Rôtie. The Southern Rhône is known for its blended red wines, such as Châteauneuf-du-Pape and Gigondas. The wines from the Rhône Valley are known for their richness, spiciness, and complexity.
In conclusion, France is a country with a rich wine culture and a long history of winemaking. The top wine regions of France produce distinctive wines that are known for their unique characteristics and flavors. Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne, and the Rhône Valley are just a few examples of the many wine regions in France that produce some of the world’s most famous and celebrated wines.
Wine Labels in France
It is not easy to understand the labels on a bottle of French wine because most of the wines are labeled by Appellation (Appellation d’Origine Protegee) and not by variety. The exception is Alsace.
The problems come from the fact that every Appellation has its own set of rules, and therefore two labels from two regions will mean two different things.
IGP (Indication Georaphique Protegee) and Vin de France wines are not under AOP rules and have their own designation.
In general, a label should include:
Country of origin; France
The name of the wine yard: Chateau Bla-Bla
The grape variety or the name of the wine: Cabernet Franc or Cuvee de Noir
The wine region (AOP/AOC) – Cote de Beaune
Vintage – the year the grapes were harvested
The name of the company that bottled the wine.
There are 329 Appellations in France, and the AOP/AOC rules define which grape varieties and winemaking practices are approved for classification in this particular AOP/AOC.
Terms on French Wine Labels
There are hundreds of different terms used to describe a bottle of wine, but we will concentrate on the terms you are most likely to encounter.
Cru – this term tells you that the vineyard(s) who produced this wine is(are) recognized for their quality.
Grand Cru – primarily used in Burgundy and Champagne regions to recognize the best vineyards in the Appellation
Premiere Cru (1er Cru) – used in Bordeaux to distinguish the top vineyards in the region. If this term is on a label of a bottle from Burgundy, it will mean this is a second-tear vineyard.
Grand Vin – this is a term that is used in Bordeaux labels. It indicates that the wine you are looking at is the top wine from this winemaker.
Chateau – it means winery.
Domaine – an estate with its own vineyards and winery
V
And the next chapter is top wine regions you probably already know that France Italy Spain United States those are the four top regions in the world that produce the top wines and the most wine the biggest wine producer is Italy uh but the oldest and the most like famous is France and then
Comes of course Spain and then United States with their California wines from Napa valy um Sonoma Valley those are some amazing amazing wines as well and we are going to introduce briefly all those regions and their specifications because every every country has their own wine
Coat and it’s a good thing if you know something about it so when you pick up a bottle from Italy or bottle from France or bottle from United States you know how to read the labels Now France is uh is the most famous wine country in the
World produces some of the most amazing wines the most expensive wines we’re going to talk about that in a little bit later but uh basically that’s what it is there are a lot of wine Reg there are a lot of different grapes and wines thousands of producers but we’re
Going to mention only the most important the wines and the regions and the producers that you might find bottles from in your restaurant so bordo is probably the wine Regent with most wine in France it’s on the Atlantic Ocean Burundi is like the most important region that produces the
Most expensive wines champagne everybody knows that’s the wine that everybody drinks for Christmas and New Year the champagne bottles L Val is another important region Rome Valley is another important region those are rivers here in France uh and their valleys are very important wine regions Province here on the south um and Al
Us on the German border now we’re going to start with bordo because like I said this is the wine region that produce most wines and of course some of the most fancy expensive wines in the world are produced in bordo um basically in bordo they’re producing red wines it’s famous with the
Red wines there are some uh white wine production and some sweet wines but bordo is famous with the red wines they producing and 86% of the production is actually red wines now those sou sweet wines they are also very famous uh but of course this is a very small percentage of the wine
Production in Bordeaux when we’re talking about red wine in Bordeaux we’re talking about Merlo cabet suon and cabet Frank those are the three types of graves that are produced and grow in bordo now that doesn’t mean that most wine have uh this kind of percentage in their in the bottles uh different
Regions in bordeau you know to see different sub regions in bordeau uh they have different um blend but the bordeau blend the famous Bordeaux blend is actually 70% cabon and about 50% Mero and cabet Frank with a little bit of peptit Vero all right this is the famous
Bordeau blend but depends on which sub region in bordo we’re talking uh the combination differs all right so here’s Med do medok is famous with the red wines they produce and of course uh medok is um home of the most important most expensive um wine chos in France
Like um CH Margo sh Ando so we’re going to talk about that but Mok if you’re talking about Mok wies that means that they are most probably having the bordo combination all right so mostly cabet with um equal parts of cabet Frank C Frank Merlo and just a little bit of
Petit Vero all right now if you go down to liberates now like I said you know my French Parton my French uh C million and Pomo those are two famous wine regions where the main grape is law especially in Pomo where the famous chop petus is located
You know the shopus the most one of the most famous most expensive wines in the world uh is more than 96% Mero all right and then of course then you have the graph and that’s um um yeah you can have it either way you can have uh mostly Mero wines but
You can also have mostly wines so those are the regions the sub regions and then of course they’re divided into small Appel uh appellations you know that’s that’s what I call S EST Paula s Julian Margo um and the funny thing about the French especially in Bordeaux is that
Every sub region have their own categorization all right so it’s very hard to actually categorize the chos and the wines and so on so but the thing that you need to know about the Bordeaux is that the top wines are are called the the premiere so the top wines are
Categorized as a Premier Grand crew Class A all right so then you have Premier Grand K class all right then you have just Grand crew class and then second Grand CL whatever um very strange uh because every sub region have their own uh classification all right and um
So we’re going to just mention some of the chat that you have to know and if you’re working a fine dining restaurant uh expensive restaurant that uh people like to drink very expensive wines you’re going to find bottles from those CH that cost thousands of dollars sometimes all right and sometimes more
Than that so sh of f Ro Shield Sho now five of the uh four of the top chat in Bordeaux are located in Mok sh Bon is is the only CH that’s not located in medok uh in sh Road shield now those are the premier Grand crew class a chat all
Right the most expensive the most uh famous chos but those here they are not included in the this classification because they are not from a do and not uh not included in this classification but those are also um naturally accepted as a just equal to those uh five grand crew
Premier Grand crew chatel CH Petrus chat leit you know they’re producing some of like I said Petrus wine you know one of the most expensive most famous Wines in the world uh and then of course uh all those other shos are very very um famous they’re producing top
Quality wines um so those are the top producers in Bordeaux now we’re going to go to Burundi and burgundi you know they want to be mentioned as the top region in France because um they are probably the oldest region in France not probably they are the oldest region in France
That produces wine in of course the most expensive wine chatau are right there and we’re going to discuss some of them now when we’re talking about Burundi of course we are talking about pin Noir and shardon all right now up north we have the sh region you know it’s a sub region
In Burundi and Sh that means shardon they have very small bnch of red wine but nobody knows about the red sh everybody knows about the white sh and white CH is 100% Chardon south from sh everything else is pretty much Pinon NOA of course they have other Graves but
Pinon NOA is the top grave and the top wines that are produced in Burundi those are shadon and Pino no um now the sub region you know like there there are sub regions but I mean the the most important like I said we sh where the sh white wine is 100%
Shardon And then codor codor has two sub regions C and codor and the top wine makers are actually all the Grand Cruise are for the red wines are here called and all the grand cruise for the white wines in burgundi are here in sh not all there is
One there one there but uh 99% all right so and then of course you have c shones makon b now Kon they produce different uh white and red makon is famous with the white wines and B of course is famous with the H young sweet red wines they are producing down their South
Um here are some of the famous chat in both shabi and cot DUI now one of the most famous so in in burgundi the classification is different than the classification in Bordeaux so here the best the highest quality is the grand crew okay so the the top Grand crew
Resorts uh in Burundi producing red wine and those are the most expensive and the most famous of course Wines in the world domain D yeah how you like my French uh Rish Rani Roman La Grand R all right I want you to know also that in this region in this sub region
Uhan every time you see a bottle of wine with the name shamban and something else to it there are seven Grand Cruise there and they all wear the name of shamban so if you have shamban blah blah blah that means It’s a grand crew from this region J ban
Um then you have another um very famous state Grand ISU and ISU those are also grand crew Estates and then of course close V all right they this is the only one in region cl cl div that uh that is Grand crew but um a lot of wines this is a big
Big wine estate wine Shau they’re producing a lot of wines they um you most probably will see uh in any um fan dining restaurant a bottle from CL B and then the sh Grand Cruis are uh just here I’m not even going to try to say those
Names um but uh those are also expensive wine not as expensive like this one those are the most expensive wine in the world and we’re going to see some prices and everything like that in the in the next pages but uh yeah those are the grand cruise from shab they are
Producing Shard shardon all right and the thing that you need to know but we discussed the shab in in a in a separate lesson but this is what U what they producing they’re producing 100% shad and I can say most of the wine but I can
Easily say all the shes they are not age they’re very fresh very very fine easy drinking Pleasant wines uh and those are the you know that’s that’s what they’re famous with now some producers my age should be uh just for a few days maybe in uh Oaks or something
Like that but mostly if somebody orderers sh in your restaurant he expect to drink really fresh really Pleasant no oot no break whatsoever wine uh and that’s what the shab are famous with now here out you have some more uh sub regions like montra carton lean and Mero and they you’re going to
Have bottles of wine from moned and char man uh and Mer soul and um just pay attention those are those are uh famous French regions with uh excellent wine now you have to make a note very often very often in burgundi you can have a wine that cost
Hundreds of dollars or thousands of dollars from those ra from those wine uh CH and test like garbage all right because producing P Noir is is not an easy task all right it’s a very specific wine very difficult wine to produce um but of course uh those wine Estates have
Made names for themselves and they are selling really uh wines that cost a lot of money because you have to understand those are very very rare wines all right they are very very rare now Grand crew Estates in burgundi produce only 2% of the whole wine production in the region
All right Premier crew is 12% and then everything else is a village type of wine and Regional wines so that’s why those producers even if the wine is not nothing special to brag about they are selling those bottles for a lot of money all right so when you have burgundi wine
It’s going to be in this type of bottle all right this is a Burundi type of bottle and this is the Burundi glass really fat glass with a lot of space inside and it’s a good thing to know I discussed that in other lessons but you have somebody coming and ordering a
Burgundi wine all right make sure you serve them in a burgundi glass that’s uh will impress them and uh you know now some of the prices just to know what are we talking about now 2015 is just 7even years away all right but domain lero the grand crew from domain Leroy is selling
For 148,000 all right in 2022 this bottle of wine was produced 7 years ago but because was rated so high and it was because it’s such a rare botle now now it’s selling for $18 $448,000 2 years ago in 2020 was selling for $75,000 so this is in the last the last
Two years this is a 100% almost more than 100% increase Almost 100% increase yeah in the price of this bottle now one of the most famous Burundi wine lat latash or whatever you call it the grand crew from domain de Roman you know just a normal price
$8,000 all right so you can go to a restaurant right now and order this lash Roman con te and it’s going to cost about about $8,000 in the restaurant all right and people drink this kind of wine now this wine it’s probably a collection item and nobody
Will open it and drink it for dinner all right they’re buying it because they know there are so few bottles left in the world and uh in the next 10 years this bottle probably will cost about $500,000 so that’s why they’re collecting but those bottles they’re drinking those bottles uh 2010 you know
Domain Arman rouso $ 6,800 those are all Grand crew right you see Grand crew Grand crew Grand crew Grand crew monopole um and now you see the difference between the grand crew and the premier crew now 2016 domain Jack Frederick that’s a premier crew $191 and of course you have even less
Than that 2019 domain F Mercury cut Shon $35 this is the difference between having a grand crew Chau and Premier crew Chau and that’s why the big fight about classification in France is just constantly ongoing um people want to be classified as a grand crew don’t want to be
Classified as a premier crew and so and so but it’s not easy to change that now another France region and really quickly we’re going to just mention something about champagne because of course it’s the most famous probably the most famous um wine in the world um champagne is uh not in France
Of course the champagne means that it’s produced primarily from P NOA P mun and Chardon now it’s allowed to put small percentage of Pino BL Pino gree and some other Wines in it but that’s mostly just uh uh on paper everybody makes the Chardon from pinoa pom and
Chardon um of course you have uh Bland to Bland Chardon which means that they are made ex exclusively from Chardon for only from white wines uh but mostly it’s this combination of those three wines and um now the funny thing about the Chardon region is that at the beginning when
They start producing wine they were competing with Burundi um for the you know the best wine produced in France uh but the thing is that the climate and then you know the soil in burgundi was better situated to produce better more um bloody red full body uh
Wines so shardon was losing the the battle with burgundi and at some point they just decided that they will concentrate exclusively on Bubble wine and that was a winning a winning choice and made them the most expensive and the most famous wine region in the world um for example the first
Champagne Winery was uh founded in 1584 and now for the beginning there was they were producing also steel wies not the champagne but um then turn into a champagne they’re still existing they’re still selling champagne uh then then ruar was founded uh and then of course Theon view those are the old
Champagne uh Chad but we have to also mention some of the most famous nowadays like Kook Don Pion lauran perier and l r of course uh there are many chat in champagne that producing of course champagne and you have to know that in 2008 it was made a big push to extend the
Area with another 40 Villages around the region that were now allowed to produce wine sparkling wine called labeled champagne all right because the prices and the the demand for champagne was so so big and they were just producing more and more but then of course you got to
The point where this there’s no more land every Square cimer in Champagne is producing wine right now because this is the most profitable operation you can run in in this region but there was no more land and um the demand was so big they decided to extend the region and
Now they allowed another 44 little Villages around the Champagne region to produce sparkling wine and label it champagne um and I think the last production was like uh last the biggest production was 338 million bottles of champagne and that was in uh just before the co uh hit
The the world it was like 2019 or something like that 330 8 million bottles of champagne produced in this small region in France you can imagine what kind of business is that hey guys today we are talking about Italy wine regions and the most important wines on those regions now I
Have to understand there are a lot of wine regions in Italy and there are hundreds of different types of grapes and wines but we are going to discuss only the most important regions and the most important wies from those regions now as AO Lombardi Alto ad pedmont venetto
Frei Venia Julia those are really uh top regions in the North in Italy they produce some of the most you know famous important wines um from Italy then you go a little bit down liilia Roman larque those are those are not so those are very small regions um nothing specific
There Tusan of course is the most important the biggest wine producer in Italy uh then you go down to AB Bruto that’s they they’re having some really good uh wines down there to pulia and of course Cy and Sardinia now Italy is is the biggest producer of wine in
The world all right and um PM is probably the second most important region in Italy after TUS so we’re going to start with pmon as you saw it’s located in the Northwest Italy um they are producing Baro and barbaresco those are two of the most beautiful Wines in the world uh
They are 100% nebiolo And they are produced of course exclusively in The Villages of bar and barbaresco um Barbara Barbara is one of the oldest grapes known to human beings and of course that’s the grape and that’s the name of the wine you can see Barbara dalba Barbara Dusty and uh some
Other style of Barbara but that’s the grape and um you know the Italians are laughing and they’re joking that they’re drinking Barbara while they’re waiting for bar and barbaresco to age uh bar and barbaresco specific here is that they have to age for four years before they’re released for
Consumption so those are very special wines you can have some amazing bar and barbaresco and of course you can drink some not so amazing bar and barbaresco not everything is absolutely amazing but the but the good wines are really top in the world Moscato Dusty it’s uh produced from Moscato
Biano it’s a white wine sparkling wine one of the famous sparkling wine in the world not just in Italy Gabi is another very special wine that they produce in bmon gab is a little village uh and uh you know they they they hold a trademark for gab you can have gab Gabi gab
Prip um there are many different gab wines it’s produced from Cortez the grape is Cortez but those are really beautiful white wines very very light very pleasant very easy drinking so um make sure that if you have for example some ladies on the table and they want
To have some nice easy drinking wine very pleasant of course not something uh that it’s not a good wine it’s a really good wine you can always just got it the other wines that they’re producing is Ares and doto ares is a white grape and doto is a red grape uh nothing specific
About the names there vetto another famous region in Italy uh here it’s produced the the world famous proo and about proo I just let you know guys if you work in Italian restaurant but even if it’s not Italian restaurant but you are selling proo you can sell procycle
As operative to your guest just like like hot Breck all right just mention pryle every time hello ladies and gentlemen blah blah blah your introduction would you like to start with a glass of PR we have a excellent proo from venetto and he just mentioned some other things
But yeah you mention PR you mention venetsia and it’s like wow let’s try it let’s try it uh another great wine uh that they’re producing there is the volpicella blend all right so vichella blend that’s a mix of different grapes red grapes and they’re producing Vella Classico Vella
And a Maron Del poell um great absolutely amazing wines depends what kind of what type of wine you like which if you like light and fruity wines you can take the Vella classical and if you like really heavy full body age one you can take the amaron uh and that will be
Um if it’s a good amaron that’s going to be absolutely uh fantastic for you Suave is another famous uh wine produced in vetto and of course U pinio is is a like the great pinio uh they’re producing amazing pinio there so it’s worth mentioning now those four regions like I
Said they’re they’re they important wine reg in Italy which is going to mention the most important wine they’re producing Alto adgen this is the north part of Italy where Bano is trantino and um the most important wine in my opinion they’re producing is line and the reason I say that’s the most
Important wine because like gr you don’t you don’t produce anywhere else and um it’s amazing grape makes some amazing wise um and if it’s aged you know because line is actually fruity and very light easy drinking not so much tanin wine and when you age the wine it then
Turns into something really smooth creamy full body uh red wines that I just completely love I love to drink h l so if you have a l in your in your restaurant or if you’re visiting Alto ad in Italy make sure you test some L Lombardi Lombardi they producing the
Famous Fran corta they produce Fran corta just the way Italians uh French people produce proyo pryo what I’m talking about champagne that’s the champagne in the Italian champagne just the way they produce champagne in in France all right so Fran corta is producing In Lombardi uh you should uh
Open a botle of Fran Cort for operatives anytime you have a chance they have some amazing amazing franch there brutu like we said it’s a it’s a famous you know wine region uh on the Mediterranean Sea on the Adriatic Sea and and um multipan the brutu is the most famous wine they
Produce it’s a full body um like heavy full body red wine and um yeah I love to drink Monte D brutu because I love really heavy full body red wines liua the only thing that I will mention about liua it’s very small wine regions uh south from uh
Genua um if you have heard about the Chino right there and U ferentino ferentino this grape produces some really full body intensive white wines all right um a very specific grape very specific grape um make sure that you don’t sell ferentino to nobody that wants to drink something very light and
Easy uh easy drinking wine the next region is Tusan Tusan is the most famous Italian region producing the most wines and of course uh some of the most important wines are kianti ronel de monino and the super Tusan wines now kianti is of course produced primarily from
Sanu it depends of the keti you have Kean classical you have kianti Superior and so on so then there are different um percentages of Sanju in the K it could be made of 100% Sanu but it could be made also 60% Sanu and some other grapes um while Brunell de
Monino many years for many years the Italians uh told that the bral de monino is actually a a different grape it’s not sanes but uh genetic uh research show that actually that’s uh uh that is a sanui grape uh but it’s um because it’s it’s a little bit bigger
Grapes and um of course they produce some amazing amazing wine uh for many years the Italians saw that this is a different type of grape but it’s a Sanu they call Sanu Grande because like I said the grapes a little bit bigger and they’re producing some of the most
Beautiful wines uh from monino uh but the that’s 100% Sanu and you will see bfy and Nardi those wiards like the two most famous probably W producing ber monino um and some years these wies are absolutely uh delicious and you have also Roso de monino uh do
Not underestimate Roso de monino if you visit monoino make sure that you test Brunello and Ros uh I have some I I have some some Roso deino that that just completely erase the difference between brono and Roso uh especially 2010 2011 those years were amazing in Tusan and
They had some absolutely terrific wines there and let’s talk a little bit about the super tuskan wines super Tusan wines are produced in bulgary now bulgary is on the uh Sea on the Mediterranean Sea in Tusan um they are produced from different type of graes not the Original Italian grapes uh most
Of the super Tusan wines are produced fromon Maro sh and of course they’re mixed with some Sanu some of them to mention just few names from the super tuskan wines and those are probably the most expensive wines in Italy now uh many years ago the name Co Marquez started producing
Those uh grow growing those grapes and he was laughed at and um you know everybody was ridiculing him but slowly slowly he proved that those French grapes are actually very good to grow in this region start producing those uh different types of wines and start selling them to some of the richest
People in Italy and royalties and turn them into the most expensive and most most delicious Wines in Italy so you have Mas masu is 100% Mero remember that guys it’s produced on only 7 Acres uh in a very rare wine very expensive wine some bottles Mas sell in find any
Restaurants for like a $22,000 a bottle uh and then of course you have Sola sasaya oraya and the first Super Tusan probably the most famous super Tuscan one in the world tin and lell um and I guess that’s going to be about tus now the other two regs we’re going
To talk in Italy Sardinia and Sicily uh beautiful region producing a lot of different types of grapes and wines but the ones we’re going to mention is the canal from sardia beautiful red wine uh aged it makes some really special special wines so make sure that you try some of the canal
From Sardinia um especially if you like heavy H red wines and of course in Sicily I will just mention Nala because this is the most uh you know popular red grape from Sicily they’re producing many different wines both regions
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